From the Editor's Desk

Dear Member,

After this long, intentional test of your patience, I have the honour to present you with my best compliments and the SABS award of the most forbearing person I know. Or else you have actually READ the previous editorial and thought for yourself: "Ha! If he thinks that he can do a part-time MIS course at UCT, change job and take charge of a 100 workstation network, have his wife expect a new baby, review 200 disks and still expect to bring out his newsletter in time, then I am a(n) [please complete with noun of your choice]!"

Oh well, okay - so there I got what I deserved: plenty of midnight oil burning sessions and a very vague memory of what non-work week-ends used to be. But here is your newsletter again, at last. Hope you like it! And yes, you can congratulate me (or rather Eva) with the birth of our healthy son Jonathan, now 2 months old. Born on Father's day, which also happens to be Soweto-day and our wedding anniversary - how's that for timing? We've got the pigeon pair (in Flemish it's called a King's pair and that is how we feel).

Regards from us all and enjoy your reading:

Eva Johanna, Anneke Rebecca, Jonathan Dominique and of course

Jean-Paul Willy Georges Dominique Van Belle.

 

Table of Contents

How to Get a Free 2 Tracks (17000 Bytes)

More on Every Disk You Format! 2

Beginner's Corner: Take Advantage of Your Hard Disk.

Part II: DOS and BATch Files 4

Little Known Computer Languages 6

Data Compression Algorithms of LARC & LHARC 10

Enroll NOW!

Personal Growth and Development Courses 15

DOS Re-direction and Piping 16

The Library Pages 20

How to Get a Free 2 Tracks (17000 Bytes)

More on Every Disk You Format!

"Olivier"

- Have you ever needed just a few thousand bytes more storage space on your floppy disks?

- Could you need a couple of bytes more when you want to make a disk bootable?

- Or maybe you're just plain cheap and would like to get more storage for your money.

Well here is the answer to all your problems: Get another 17000 bytes of storage absolutely free of charge. All you have to do is to spend a couple of seconds editing your CONFIG.SYS to include the following line:

DEVICE=DRIVER.SYS /D:0/F:7/H:2/S:9/T:42

The /D parameter is used for drive specification.0 for drive A,1 for drive B.

The /T parameter 42 is used to specify 5,25 inch disks and 82 specifies a 3,5 inch disk.

If you don't yet have a CONFIG.SYS file,create one,by typing the following at the A> prompt.

COPY CON CONFIG.SYS

DEVICE=DRIVER.SYS /D:0/F:7/H:2/S:9/T:42

(Press F6 and then Enter to save file)

Now copy the file DRIVER.SYS from the MS-DOS disk to the root directory where your CONFIG.SYS program should be situated.

REBOOT the system.

To format the a disk using this new drive you have created,execute the MS-DOS format file using the next logical drive you would have. Eg You have two floppy disk drives and one hard drive.The floppy drives would be A and B,the hard drive C and the new drive D. Therefor say: Format D and it will format a disk in drive A if the /D setting is 0.

Once you have formated a disk with the new drive,you do NOT have to configure the extra drive to read,write or DISKCOPY. You can also use the /s and /v switches as normal.

If you format a disk using the normal way,it will format to the normal track range and will work under all versions of DOS.

PLEASE NOTE: Unfortunately there is only one problem.These special formated disks only work with DOS 3.1 and higher . DOS 3 or lower will tell you that there is no data on the disks.

Finally,I do not accept ANY responsibility for any loss or damage to data or hardware.However this principle is widely used and I have tested it to the fullest of my capacity without having had any errors or bugs,except for the DOS version problem stated above.

Editor's notes:

Note that this "modification" will not work readily on all computers. In fact, I have yet to find an AT that will accept the job, although most PC's (8086) will work. Some floppy drives work better than others; not all drives will read and/or write track 41 reliably, but virtually all should cope with track 40 (which is i effect the 41st track as DOS starts counting from 0). This "adding of additional tracks" used to be one of the tricks of several protection schemes: a specific code was written to the 41st track, which would not be copied by the DOS diskcopy command (although even the most basic bitcopier program would check this additional track).

In a similar vein, utilities exist that will enable one to use the empty "space" which is used to synchronize the data read operations within a track. I.e. there are a whole bunch of synchronization bits on each tracks before the beginning of a sector. IBM being conservative and all that there are rather more synchronization bits than strictly necessary and that can again be used by some smart programs (using low-level diskette drive calls)) to store additional data on your diskettes (up to 420K on a "360K" floppy). However, procedures here are not so easy - see one of our earlier utility diskettes. Or learn about all this and more in the "Beneath disks operations" technical reference guide (disk 1851).

Lastly, those of you who have, say a PC with one 360K floppy (A:), a 720K stiffy (B:), a 40MB Hard Disk (partitioned into C: and D:), and a Virtual Disk (VDISK E:) may often have the problem that they want to be able to easily copy between floppies (or stiffies). An easy solution to this is to add the following statements to your CONFIG.SYS file:

DEVICE=DRIVER.SYS /D:0/S:9/T:40 [A: -> F: = 5 360K]

DEVICE=DRIVER.SYS /D:1/S:9/T:80 [B: -> G: = 3 720K]

which will add two drives (namely F: and G:) which are additional logical drives refering to the same physical 5 and the 3 drives respectively. I.e. you can then DISKCOPY (or XCOPY, COPY etc.) A: F: (or XCOPY G: B:) without confusion. The system will prompt you automatically when to swop disks. Again, this trick may not work on all systems but I have used it with great success on many machines.

Beginner's Corner

Taking Advantage of Your PC's Hard Disk

Part II: DOS and BATch Files

Barry Gordon

New York Personal Computer, Inc.

[This series of three articles is aimed at novice PC users and covers (1) Hard Disk File Mangement; (2) Batch File Techniques; (3) Setting Up a Virtual Disk.]

Familiarity with DOS is assumed. However, it is helpful to the new user to include a paragraph or two on BATch files. The IBM PC and DOS work with three different kinds of program or command files: .EXE, .COM, and .BAT files. (BASIC and BASICA work with their own .BAS files, but those are not relevant to the present discussion.) The .EXE and .COM files give instructions to the PC itself. They are produced by assemblers, compilers, and linkers. The .BAT or BATch files are instructions to DOS which you create for your own convenience. I will discuss a couple of commands that you may find convenient in working on your PC: the DOS PROMPT command and the PATH command.

The DOS PROMPT Command

Just as DOS keeps track of a default disk drive, it will also keep track of each drive's current directory (the directory you are working in). Most often, this directory is the one you tell DOS to assume and use when no other is specified. The DOS prompt always has indicated the default disk drive followed by the greater-than symbol: A> which works well for diskette drives. With a hard disk, you will want to know the directory you are working in (the current directory) as well. You can customize the prompt to show the current directory using the DOS PROMPT command. The command PROMPT $P$G tells DOS to display the name of the current directory whenever the prompt appears on your screen. Other, more elaborate, prompt variations are possible, but $P$G is a useful beginning.

The DOS PATH Command

The actual program fetching is accomplished by means of the DOS PATH command. This command tells DOS where to look for your programs (the executable files) when they are not in the current directory. The overall scheme begins to take shape: you work in the (current) directory containing your data files, and DOS looks for the programs you need (in priority sequence) in other sub- directories. Thus, your PATH command might look something like this:

PATH C:\anyname1;C:\anyname2;C:\any3

The PATH command should contain the full specification of each sub-directory, including the drive designation. This keeps the search path valid even if you should decide to make, say, drive A: the default drive temporarily. Since the root directory is not named, it is not included in the PATH command.

Of course, having to enter all of this PROMPT and PATH information each time you turn on your PC can become a nuisance. The proper way to handle this is to create special BATch files in the root directory that store and execute your commands.

Creating BATch Files

The most direct way to create .BAT files is to use the DOS ability to COPY a file directly from the PC keyboard into a disk file:

COPY CON filename.BAT

where CON is the DOS name for the keyboard, and "filename" represents the name you wish to give your new BATch file. You enter your file contents, line by line, ending with a line containing ^Z (Control-Z), which can be entered by pressing the Function Key 6 (F6). As an alternative (though I don't recommend it) you could learn to use EDLIN, a minimal file editor, whose chief virtue is its automatic inclusion with the DOS package. For serious work of this kind, a good file editor is a great help. The IBM Personal Editor is one of the very best.

The AUTOEXEC and SETPATH BATch Files

The AUTOEXEC.BAT file is executed only at startup (unless you specifically enter it), and contains those commands you wish to enter for your convenience in operating your PC.

A simple version of an AUTOEXEC.BAT file might look like this:

DATE

TIME

PROMPT $P$G

PATH C:\anyname1;C:\anyname2;C:\any3

The first thing you may want to do is to move the PATH command from the AUTOEXEC.BAT file and put it in its own BATch file called SETPATH.BAT. The AUTOEXEC.BAT would have these four lines:

DATE

TIME

PROMPT $P$G

SETPATH

Your SETPATH.BAT file would look like this:

PATH C:\anyname1;C:\anyname2;C:\any3

Putting the PATH command in the SETPATH.BAT file lets you modify your program search path any time you wish, and then restore it by getting into the root directory and entering the SETPATH command.

Little Known Computer Languages

Author Unknown

-- PASCAL, FORTRAN, COBOL, and BASIC --

These languages are well known and more or less well used throughout the computing industry. There are also numerous other languages, however, which are less well known, yet still have there ardent devotees. In fact many of these little known languages have the most ardent of devotees. For those who wish to know more about these obscure languages --- and why they are obscure --- the following catalog is presented.

--SIMPLE--

SIMPLE is an acronym for Sheer Idiots Monopurpose Programming Linguistic Environment. This language, developed at the Hanover College for Technological Misfits, was designed to make it impossible to write code with errors in it. The statements are, therefore, confined to BEGIN, END, and STOP. No matter how you you arrange the statements, you cannot make a syntax error.

--SLOBOL--

SLOBOL is best known for the speed, or lack of it. Although many compilers allow you to take a coffee break while they compile, SLOBOL compilers allow you to travel to Bolivia to pick the coffee. Three or four programmers are known to have died of boredom sitting at their terminals while waiting for a SLOBOL program to compile. Weary SLOBOL programmers often try to return to a related, but infinitely faster language, COCAINE.

--VALGOL--

From its modest beginnings in Southern California's San Fernando Valley, VALGOL is enjoying a dramatic surge of popularity across the industry. VALGOL commands include REALLY, LIKE, and Y'KNOW. Variables are assigned with the =LIKE and =TOTALLY operators. Other operators include the 'California Booleans' FERSURE and NOWAY. Repititions of code are handled in FERSURE loops. Here is an example of a VALGOL program:

LIKE, Y'KNOW {IMEAN} START

IF

A = LIKE BITCHEN AND

B = LIKE TUBULAR AND

C = LIKE GRODY ** MAX

{FERSURE} ** 2

THEN

FOR I = LIKE 1 TO OH-MAYBE 100

DO WAH + {DITTY ** 2}

BARF{I} = TOTALLY GROSS{OUT}

SURE

LIKE BAG THIS PROGRAM

REALLY

LIKE TOTALLY {Y'KNOW}

VALGOL is also characterized by it unfriendly error messages. For example, when the user makes a syntax error, the interpreter displays the message

GAG ME WITH A SPOON.

--LAIDBACK--

Historically, VALGOL is a derivative of LAIDBACK, which was developed at the (now defunct) Marin County Center For T'ai Chi, Mellowness and Computer Programming, as an alternative to the more intense atmosphere in nearby Silicon Valley. The Center was ideal for programmers who liked to soak in hot tubs while they worked. Unfortunately, few programmers could survive there for very long, since the Center outlawed pizza and RC Cola in favor of bean curd and Perrier water. Many programmers mourn the demise of LAIDBACK because of its reputation as a gentle and non-threatening language. For example, LAIDBACK responded to syntax errors with the message:

SORRY, MAN, I CAN'T DEAL WITH THAT.

--SARTRE--

Named after the late existential philosopher, SARTRE is an extremely unstructured language. Statements in SARTRE have no purpose or meaning, they just are. Thus SARTRE programs are entered and left to define their own functions. SARTRE programmers tend to be boring, depressed, and are no fun at parties.

--FIFTH--

FIFTH is a precision mathematical language in which the data types refer to quantity. The data types range from CC, OUNCE, SHOT and JIGGER to FIFTH (hence the name of the language), LITER, MAGNUM and BLOTTO. Commands refer to characters manipulated by the programmer, such as CHABLIS, CHARDONNAY, CABERNAY, GIN, VERMOUTH, VODKA, SCOTCH and WHATEVERSAROUND. The many versions of the FIFTH language reflect the sophistication and status of the various users groups. Commands in the ELITE dialect include VSOR and LAFITE, while the GUTTER dialect includes HOOTCH and RIPPLE. The latter dialect is a favorite of frustrated FORTH programmers who often end up devoting a great deal of effort on becoming end-users of this language.

--C--

This language was named for the grade recieved by its author when it was submitted as a class project in computer science. C is best described as a low level programming language. In fact, most C programs require more statements than machine language. In this respect it bears a strong resemblance to COBOL.

--LITHP--

This otherwise unremarkeable language is distinguished by it absence of an "S" in the character set. Programmers must instead substitute "TH". LITHP is said to be ustheful in prothething lithps. The language was for a time considered as the standard for Taiwanese computers, since the absence of "S" would allow the manufacturer to save a small amount of manufacturing costs.

--DOGO--

Developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Obedience Training, DOGO heralds a new era of computer literate pets. DOGO commands include SIT, STAY, HEEL, and ROLL_OVER. An innovative feature of DOGO is "puppy graphics", a small cocker spaniel that occasionally leaves a deposit as he travels across the screen. This is considered the de-facto language for writing Fido BBS programs.

--FOCUSALL--

This language is design to run on small computers with minimal memory. For this reason, Commodore machines were originally considered, but declined because of the lack of a paper tape reader. It is only distributed on paper tape, for loading from an ASR-33 teletype. Loading takes about 20 minutes, after which the user is greeted by the message

CONGRATULATIONS, YOU HAVE LOADED FOCUSALL!

The interpreter is then ready to execute any available command. The only available command is LOAD FOCUSALL, which causes the system to once again load the interpreter from paper tape. This operating system is recommended for frustrated Commodore users; when this system has been run several hundred times without error, the user is ready to graduate to Commodore operation, which has a similar disk operating system. The real power of the language comes from the fact that preceeding a command with a line number causes it to be stored and executed in sequence later as in the following example:

100 LOAD FOCUSALL

200 LOAD FOCUSALL

300 LOAD FOCUSALL

.

.

The pronunciation of the name of the language is actually more flexible than the language itself would appear to be; it is pronounced according to your mood at the moment. Actually, the name came from a combination of FOCAL and the habit that optics lab types have had for refering to a lead engineer as a "Focus Man" (ie. "Person"). Someone would then chime in "Yeah, and he'll focus every chance he gets!"

--FASTBOL--

This language is more commonly refered to as QUICKIE. Error messages include the very common "COMPUTUS INTERUPTUS". A closely related language is MOONER.

--GEROTOL--

This language is characterized by the habits of its ardent users. Instructions frequently forget their function while executing and finally conclude with the "I USED TO KNOW THAT" condition code. Loops tend to repeat frequently at sporadic intervals, even when not initiated.

Data Compression Algorithms

of LARC and LHarc

Haruhiko Okumura*

The author is the sysop of the Science SIG of PC-VAN. His address is: 12-2-404 Green Heights, 580 Nagasawa, Yokosuka 239, Japan

1. Introduction

In the spring of 1988, I wrote a very simple data compression program named LZSS in C language, and uploaded it to the Science SIG (forum) of PC-VAN, Japan's biggest personal computer network.

That program was based on Storer and Szymanski's slightly modified version of one of Lempel and Ziv's algorithms. Despite its simplicity, for most files its compression outperformed the archivers then widely used.

Kazuhiko Miki rewrote my LZSS in Turbo Pascal and assembly language, and soon made it evolve into a complete archiver, which he named LARC.

The first versions of LZSS and LARC were rather slow. So I rewrote my LZSS using a binary tree, and so did Miki. Although LARC's encoding was slower than the fastest archiver available, its decoding was quite fast, and its algorithm was so simple that even self-extracting files (compressed files plus decoder) it created were usually smaller than non-self-extracting files from other archivers.

Soon many hobby programmers joined the archiver project at the forum. Very many suggestions were made, and LARC was revised again and again. By the summer of 1988, LARC's speed and compression have improved so much that LARC-compressed programs were beginning to be uploaded in many forums of PC-VAN and other networks.

In that summer I wrote another program, LZARI, which combined the LZSS algorithm with adaptive arithmetic compression. Although it was slower than LZSS, its compression performance was amazing.

Miki, the author of LARC, uploaded LZARI to NIFTY-Serve, another big information network in Japan. In NIFTY-Serve, Haruyasu Yoshizaki replaced LZARI's adaptive arithmetic coding with a version of adaptive Huffman coding to increase speed. Based on this algorithm, which he called LZHUF, he developed yet another archiver, LHarc.

In what follows, I will review several of these algorithms. [Ed.: simplified codes in C language are provided by the author on our disk 2320. All the programs are written in draft-proposed ANSI C and tested in Turbo-C.]

2. Simple coding methods

Replacing several (usually 8 or 4) "space" characters by one "tab" character is a very primitive method for data compression. Another simple method is run-length coding, which encodes the message "AAABBBBAACCCC" into "3A4B2A4C", for example.

3. LZSS coding

This scheme is initiated by Ziv and Lempel [1]. A slightly modified version is described by Storer and Szymanski [2]. An implementation using a binary tree is proposed by Bell [3]. The algorithm is quite simple: Keep a ring buffer, which initially contains "space" characters only. Read several letters from the file to the buffer. Then search the buffer for the longest string that matches the letters just read, and send its length and position in the buffer.

If the buffer size is 4096 bytes, the position can be encoded in 12 bits. If we represent the match length in four bits, the <position, length> pair is two bytes long. If the longest match is no more than two characters, then we send just one character without encoding, and restart the process with the next letter. We must send one extra bit each time to tell the decoder whether we are sending a <position, length> pair or an unencoded character.

4. LZW coding

This scheme was devised by Ziv and Lempel [4], and modified by Welch [5].

The LZW coding has been adopted by most of the existing archivers, such as ARC and PKZIP. The algorithm can be made relatively fast, and is suitable for hardware implementation as well.

The algorithm can be outlined as follows: Prepare a table that can contain several thousand items. Initially register in its 0th through 255th positions the usual 256 characters. Read several letters from the file to be encoded, and search the table for the longest match. Suppose the longest match is given by the string "ABC". Send the position of "ABC" in the table. Read the next character from the file. If it is "D", then register a new string "ABCD" in the table, and restart the process with the letter "D". If the table becomes full, discard the oldest item or, preferably, the least used. A Pascal program for this algorithm is given in Storer's book [6].

5. Huffman coding

Classical Huffman coding is invented by Huffman [7]. A fairly readable accound is given in Sedgewick [8].

Suppose the text to be encoded is "ABABACA", with four A's, two B's, and a C. We represent this situation as follows:

4 2 1

| | |

A B C

Combine the least frequent two characters into one, resulting in the new frequency 2 + 1 = 3:

4 3

| / \

A B C

Repeat this step until the whole characters combine into a tree:

7

/ \

/ 3

/ / \

A B C

Start at the top ("root") of this encoding tree, and travel to the character you want to encode. If you go left, send a "0"; otherwise send a "1". Thus, "A" is encoded by "0", "B" by "10", "C" by "11". Algotether, "ABABACA" will be encoded into ten bits, "0100100110".

To decode this code, the decoder must know the encoding tree, which must be sent separately.

A modification to this classical Huffman coding is the adaptive, or dynamic, Huffman coding. See, e.g., Gallager [9]. In this method, the encoder and the decoder processes the first letter of the text as if the frequency of each character in the file were one, say. After the first letter has been processed, both parties increment the frequency of that character by one. For example, if the first letter is 'C', then freq['C'] becomes two, whereas every other frequencies are still one. Then the both parties modify the encoding tree accordingly. Then the second letter will be encoded and decoded, and so on.

6. Arithmetic coding

The original concept of arithmetic coding is proposed by P. Elias. An implementation in C language is described by Witten and others [10].

Although the Huffman coding is optimal if each character must be encoded into a fixed (integer) number of bits, arithmetic coding wins if no such restriction is made.

As an example we shall encode "AABA" using arithmetic coding. For simplicity suppose we know beforehand that the probabilities for "A" and "B" to appear in the text are 3/4 and 1/4, respectively.

Initially, consider an interval:

0 <= x < 1.

Since the first character is "A" whose probability is 3/4, we shrink the interval to the lower 3/4:

0 <= x < 3/4.

The next character is "A" again, so we take the lower 3/4:

0 <= x < 9/16.

Next comes "B" whose probability is 1/4, so we take the upper 1/4:

27/64 <= x < 9/16,

because "B" is the second element in our alphabet, {A, B}. The last character is "A" and the interval is

27/64 <= x < 135/256,

which can be written in binary notation

0.011011 <= x < 0.10000111.

Choose from this interval any number that can be represented in fewest bits, say 0.1, and send the bits to the right of "0."; in this case we send only one bit, "1". Thus we have encoded four letters into one bit! With the Huffman coding, four letters could not be encoded into less than four bits.

To decode the code "1", we just reverse the process: First, we supply the "0." to the right of the received code "1", resulting in "0.1" in binary notation, or 1/2. Since this number is in the first 3/4 of the initial interval 0 <= x < 1, the first character must be "A". Shrink the interval into the lower 3/4. In this new interval, the number 1/2 lies in the lower 3/4 part, so the second character is again "A", and so on. The number of letters in the original file must be sent separately (or a special 'EOF' character must be appended at the end of the file).

The algorithm described above requires that both the sender and receiver know the probability distribution for the characters. The adaptive version of the algorithm removes this restriction by first supposing uniform or any agreed-upon distribution of characters that approximates the true distribution, and then updating the distribution after each character is sent and received.

7. LZARI

In each step the LZSS algorithm sends either a character or a <position, length> pair. Among these, perhaps character "e" appears more frequently than "x", and a <position, length> pair of length 3 might be commoner than one of length 18, say. Thus, if we encode the more frequent in fewer bits and the less frequent in more bits, the total length of the encoded text will be diminished. This consideration suggests that we use Huffman or arithmetic coding, preferably of adaptive kind, along with LZSS.

This is easier said than done, because there are many possible <position, length> combinations. Adaptive compression must keep running statistics of frequency distribution. Too many items make statistics unreliable.

What follows is not even an approximate solution to the problem posed above, but anyway this was what I did in the summer of 1988.

I extended the character set from 256 to three-hundred or so in size, and let characters 0 through 255 be the usual 8-bit characters, whereas characters 255 + n represent that what follows is a position of string of length n, where n = 3, 4 , .... These extended set of characters will be encoded with adaptive arithmetic compression.

I also observed that longest-match strings tend to be the ones that were read relatively recently. Therefore, recent positions should be encoded into fewer bits. Since 4096 positions are too many to encode adaptively, I fixed the probability distribution of the positions "by hand." In retrospect, I could encode adaptively the most significant 6 bits, say, or perhaps by some more ingenious method adapt the parameters of the distribution function to the running statistics.

At any rate, the present version of LZARI treats the positions rather separately, so that the overall compression is by no means optimal. Furthermore, the string length threshold above which strings are coded into <position, length> pairs is fixed, but logically its value must change according to the length of the <position, length> pair we would get.

8. LZHUF

LZHUF, the algorithm of Haruyasu Yoshizaki's archiver LHarc, replaces LZARI's adaptive arithmetic coding with adaptive Huffman. LZHUF encodes the most significant 6 bits of the position in its 4096-byte buffer by table lookup. More recent, and hence more probable, positions are coded in less bits. On the other hand, the remaining 6 bits are sent verbatim. Because Huffman coding encodes each letter into a fixed number of bits, table lookup can be easily implemented.

Though theoretically Huffman cannot exceed arithmetic compression, the difference is very slight, and LZHUF is fairly fast.

9. References

[1] J. Ziv and A. Lempel, IEEE Trans. IT-23, 337-343 (1977).

[2] J. A. Storer and T. G. Szymanski, J. ACM, 29, 928-951 (1982).

[3] T. C. Bell, IEEE Trans. COM-34, 1176-1182 (1986).

[4] J. Ziv and A. Lempel, IEEE Trans. IT-24, 530-536 (1978).

[5] T. A. Welch, Computer, 17, No.6, 8-19 (1984).

[6] J. A. Storer, Data Compression: Methods and Theory (Computer Science Press, 1988).

[7] D. A. Huffman, Proc IRE 40, 1098-1101 (1952).

[8] R. Sedgewick, Algorithms, 2nd ed. (Addison-Wesley, 1988).

[9] R. G. Gallager, IEEE Trans. IT-24, 668-674 (1978).

[10] I. E. Witten, R. M. Neal, & J. G. Cleary, Comm. ACM 30, 520-540 (1987).

 

ENROLL NOW!

PERSONAL GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT COURSES

1100 Creative Suffering EC-6 100 Other Uses for Vaccum Cleaners

1100 Overcoming Peace of Mind EC-7 How to Convert a Wheelchair

Into a Dune Buggy

1102 You and Your Birthmark

H202 Creative Tooth Decay

1103 Guilt Without Sex

H204 Exorcism and Acne

1104 The Primal Shrug

H205 The Joys of Hypochondria

1105 Ego Gratification Through

Violence H210 High Fiber Sex

1106 Molding Your Child's H210 Suicide and Health

Behavior Through Guilt

and Fear H220 Biofeedback and How to Stop It

1107 Dealing with Post-Realiza- H302 Skate Yourself to Regularity

tion Depression

H406 Understanding Nudity

1108 Whine Your Way to Alienation

H408 Tapdance Your Way to

1109 How to Overcome Self-Doubt Social Ridicule

Through Pretense and

Ostentation H409 Optional Body Functions

1130 "I made $100 in Real Estate" C800 How to Draw Genitalia

1131 Career Oportunities in C102 Needlecraft for Junkies

El Salvado

C105 Cuticle Crafts

1231 Packaging and Selling

Your Child C110 Gifts for the Senile

1300 How to Profit From Your Body C606 Christianity and RV Maintenance

1310 Money Can Make You Rich E406 Repair and Maintence of

Your Virginity

1434 Bonsai Your Pet

F234 Looters Guide to American Cities

1342 How You Can Convert Your

Room Into a Garage G105 Sinus Drainage at Home

 

 

Name_________________________ Phone__________________

Address______________________________________________________

Mail with your bank-guaranteed cheque @ US$ 3500 per course only

(0,1% discount when ordering 10 or more course)

TO: Jean-Paul T/A The Honest Dealer

P.O. Box 91246453

Zrich - Switzerland.

DOS RE-DIRECTION & PIPING

Ed.: This file is reproduced from the MR-DOS tutorial (our disk nr 2247).

INTRODUCTION

The world of DOS is a large one. There are many, many commands with optional switches in the realm of file management. Fortunately, like most software there is a flow and feel to DOS. After you are familiar with the core commands, looking up additional ones and figuring out how to use them becomes easier. The pattern is a DOS word (DIR, COPY, DEL....) followed by the necessary, minimum information to make it go. For example:

A>DIR B: DIR only needs the drive the directory is desired.

A>Copy C:sample.doc B: COPY needs 3 pieces of information - what file on which drive is to be copied to which drive

A>DEL B:Test.EXE DEL needs 2 pieces of information - what file on which drive to delete

 

 

SOFTWARE VERSIONS

Software is labeled with a version number. With each subsequent release of the product, the version number increases. The reason for these upgrades are to rid "bugs" (problems) within the software, significant product improvements, and/or to exploit new hardware advancements. In general, anything created on an earlier version of a software will work with a later version of the same software. This is known as upward compatibility. The reverse is rarely true.

DOS first hit the market as version 1.0 in 1981. It has gone thru many upgrades as new hardware components became available and new DOS features were added. Currently DOS 5.0 is available. However, most systems are still using DOS 3.X versions. For a single user system, any DOS version over 2.1 is probably adequate. If you are using high density 3.5 inch floppy drives, you will need at least DOS 3.X.

When application software is purchased, DOS version requirements are noted on the package as well as RAM requirements.

FILE ALLOCATION TABLE

As was discussed earlier formatting a new floppy disk prior to use, electronically superimposes a grid system on the disk. Each grid intersection (sector) is numbered. The location of files pieces on a disk are noted in a File Allocation Table (FAT) on each disk. When a file is copied to a disk, the FAT is checked for available sector locations.

The FAT is like an index to the location of file pieces on the disk. File portions DO NOT have to be in adjacent sectors. As a disk repeatedly has new files copied to it and old files deleted, files become fragmented - portions of the file exist in non-adjacent sectors. This situation is referred to as non-contiguous sectors. Data integrity is not affected by this situation, but the speed in which data can be retrieved is. There are many third party products to "defragment" a disk. If the programs you will be using are disk intensive - like accounting or database management, you will notice a slowing of program execution over time as files become fragmented.

When a file is deleted from a disk, the contents are not wiped from the sectors, rather the file name is removed from the FAT and the associated sectors are now simply dec%17* *ailable for new data. This is important to understand because deleted files are actually still on the disk but their locations are now not considered off limits. Again, many third party software products are available to undelete these files.

If you do delete a file, try not to use the disk until the proper utility software is available to reverse the deletion. With more use, you are running the risk that the next file that is copied to the disk will occupy the sectors of file you wish to undelete. If that should happen, you will not be able to undelete the "old" file.

Some popular third party utility tools to defragment a disk and allow undeletion include PC TOOLS, NORTON UTILITIES, MACE UTILITIES, VOPT DISK OPTIMIZER.

BATCH FILES

Batch files are a DOS tool that allow you to automatically execute 1 or more DOS commands sequentially. A more detailed explanation can be found under Hard Disk Dos sections.

For example, you are tired of changing default drives, subdirectories and typing the word LOTUS each time you wish to enter into the LOTUS 123 spreadsheet program. The 3 steps required are:

A>C:

C>cd\lotus

C>lotus

These steps can be combined with a single BATCH file called LOT.BAT.

To build this batch file one would type the following:

C> copy con:lot.bat --- Begin creating a file called lot.bat

C:

cd\lotus

lotus

<F6> --- End building and save to disk by pressing the <F6> function key

Now, each time LOT is entered at the DOS prompt, the commands within the LOT.BAT file are automatically executed sequentially.

C>lot

REDIRECTION

Redirection refers to having input or output come or go to devices other than the standards of Keyboard (Input) and Monitor (output). In DOS we expect to enter commands from the Keyboard and have the results displayed on the Monitor.

A>DIR --- Gives a directory of the A drive disk on the monitor

A>DIR >PRN --- PRN means to send the results of this command to the printer

A>DIR >LST.TXT --- Now the output of this command is put into a file on the A disk called LST.TXT (any filename could have been used)

The greater than sign ( > ) used above was to REDIRECT the output to a Printer and a Disk File rather than the default output device; the monitor. This is useful for getting a hard copy print-out of a particular disk's contents.

PIPING - FILTERS

Piping is a way of telling DOS to transfer the output from one command to be the input for another command. Piping is a form of redirection except DOS will create a temporary file on a disk to accomplish the task.

Piping usually involves the use of special commands, termed Filters, to accept data, do something with it, and then pass it to the next step. There are 3 standard filters used by DOS in piping:

FIND - used to search a file directory for a specified string of text

MORE - used to display one 1 screen of output at a time

SORT - used to sort disk filenames

The symbol used by DOS to indicate a Piping operation is the vertical bar (|).

Examples:

A>DIR |sort --- Will display on the monitor the list of files on the A disk, BUT in filename alphabetic order.

A>DIR |sort/+10 --- Will display on the monitor the list of files on the A disk, BUT by alphabetic order of the filename extensions. Extensions are 10 characters from the left on the screen during a DIR.

A>DIR |sort >prn --- Same as the 1st example except the results of this command will be printed out.

A>DIR |sort >SAM.D --- Same as the 1st example except the results of this command will be saved in a file on the disk called SAM.D

A>DIR |sort |more --- Will display in sorted order one screen at a time

A>DIR |find "05-14-89" --- Will display a list of files that were last changed on May 14, 1989

A>DIR |find "SALES" --- Will display a list of files that have the word SALES in the file name.

The Library Pages

2219 The Personal Asset Register. PAR allows you to enter important information regarding your personal assets for insurance, net worth and estate purposes. The PAR system comes complete with specific input screens for Insurance Policies, Art, Jewelry, & Collectibles, Household Inventory, Credit Card Inventory, Safe Deposit Box Inventory, Book Inventory, Computer Inventory, Software Inventory, Investment Portfolio, Video Cassette Recordings. Note: no printed reports + limited number of records.

2220, 2221 & 2222 LEGAL FORMS: 300 fill-in-the blank templates. These three disks contain the text of a total of about 300 legal forms for all types of applications (leases, notes, contracts etc). They are in ASCII file format, so they can be read and, if necessary, modified by your usual wordprocessor. Normally, all you need to do is fill in the blanks. Since they come from the USA, some may not be appropriate for SA conditions and/or law; others may need some modifications.

2223 FORMKING and MAGIC MOVE. FORMKING is a simple, easy-to-use form designer program. MAGIC MOVE helps you in moving furniture around in your current/new house (needs CGA).

2224 FORTE Full page music manuscript editor. (needs EGA/VGA & HP LaserJet 500+ / II or compatible) FORTE is a complete integrated system for producing professional commercial-quality sheet music manuscripts. Included in this package is the FORTE program (a hi-resolution WYSIWYG graphics screen editor), two music and three text laser font files, demonstration music files, and a built- in library of pre-defined musical symbols. (Shareware version: save-to-disk option disabled!)

2225 WORLD COIN ALBUM; quick CHDIR; colour DIR. WORLD COIN ALBUM organizes your COIN collection in a easy to use electronic database. You may enter up to 1000 character comments. WORLD COIN ALBUM will allow unlimited number of COINs to be input. CCD allows you to change directory by typing in only the first few letters of the subdirectory name. For example, say you want to go to subdirectory c:\database\day1\letters\sales just enter CCD S and you are there. DDD is a fast directory listing in color.

2226 ALTERNATIVE & HEALTHY LIVING: Herbs, flowers, healthy eating. HERBS information on the use of different herbs. VITAMIN program (in Basic) with info on vitamins in foods. FLOWER lists the healing properties of certain flowers. FOOD finds the proper combinations of food to ensure a balanced, healthy diet containing all the proteins you need. Includes options like "low cholestrol" or "no red meat". (based on "Food for a Planet").

2227 WHITEWARE'S NUTRIENT ANALYST (updates #529) The "Test diet" section lets you select particular foods, one at a time, and keeps a running total of total nutrients (calories, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals). The "Build program diet" part generates a total daily diet, within the limitations you give it, either from scratch or from a partial diet created with the "Test diet" section. Numerous utility routines help analyze individual foods, adjust your nutritional requirements, and create a food database of your own from an extensive library of food items.

2228 DIET spreadsheet + RECIPES. DIET is a spreadsheet that helps you to control your weight (you need lotus 1-2-3, Quattro or As-Easy-As #2123 to run it). This disk also contains many recipes in text file format.

2229 to 2232 VITICAL: your complete vitamin, mineral and calorie tracker. This program is designed to be used as a guide to healthier living. It is only designed as a general reference and should not replace consultation with medical personnel nor should it replace careful planning of activities or dietary planning. For those with the wrong genetic constitution, looking slim, trim and 21 often involves slave labor, starvation and malnutrition. But how do you stay healthy while reducing your weight? This is where VITICAL comes into play: rather than restricting WHAT you eat, it allows you to plan your lifestyle around healthy activities and healthy foods that YOU ENJOY.

2233 & 2234 ECG (ElectroCardioGram) Tutorial The ECG TUTOR is an easy-to-use graphics program designed to be used as a teaching aid in basic ECG interpretation. It presents ECG tracing as either rhythm strips or 12 lead ECG's. Includes testing and student data storage. (CGA needed)

2235 EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE multiple choice tests. Contains three levels of the US Emergency Medical Technician certification process. These include the EMT-Ambulance, EMT-Intermediate, and EMT-Paramedic levels of certification. E.g. the Ambulance Tests cover: Musculoskeletal Injuries, The Human Body, The Skull & Spine, Patient Assessment, Medical Emergencies, Airway management, Pediactric Emergencies, CardioPulmonary Resuscitation, Child Emergencies, Breathing Aids & oxygen Therapy, Environmental Emergencies, Soft Tissue Injuries & Shock.

2236 DIAGNOSIS OF MENTAL DISORDERS. This program provides a computer assisted method for exhaustive diagnosis of mental disorders. It is intended to be used by trained psychotherapists familiar with the DSM-III-R (The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) or by therapists in training. Also contains a number of text files with information on a variety of medical-related topics.

2237 ELECTRONIC ALMANAC. This is the computerized version of the famous "Almanac". It will advise you on what to plant/harvest/etc., what your day will look like, give you a quote & advise for the day, advise on questions, give various astronomical & weather information, read your horoscope, do metric conversion and all those other things that a good Almanac should do. (Note: based on the Northern hemisphere weather pattern.)

2238 FARM MANAGEMENT RECORD KEEPING PROGRAM Farm Record Keeping is one of the MOST IMPORTANT TASKS THAT A FARMER DOES, EVEN THOUGH IT USUALLY IS NOT ONE OF HIS FAVORITE TASKS. As profit margins continue to get closer and as more money has to be borrowed, a farmer MUST KEEP GOOD RECORDS. This set of programs will help the farmer do a better and easier job of Record Keeping. Includes: Inventory Programs Farm, Livestock, &/or Crop Analysis Programs Financial Statement Creation Program Farm Loan Reports Program

2239 The Real Advantage: Real Estate Sales Management System. This is a comprehensive, intuitive easy-to-use and inexpensive tool for sales management of residential property. All functions and features are accessed from a four-option main menu. (Shareware limited version)

2240 THE PERSONAL NETWORK: a personal contacts manager. This easy-to-use program allows you to maintain your personal network of friends, acquintances, collegues, family and other contacts. Effective management of your personal network is of survival importance for success in today's society! Includes mailing label facility.

2241 U.S. COLLEGE PROBE (updates 1448) This program helps you in selecting a USA college or university based on various selection criteria and will list those that most closely match your needs. It will also provide all necessary information on any schools that you are interested in. Selection criteria include majors, fees, state, SAT score and student population.

2242 & 2243 QUIZ MASTER teacher's testing tool. Creates and maintains questions and answers in free format style on any subject plus has the ability to provide student tests. Questions can be selected individually, at random or based on more complex criteria. Tests can be printed or taken on-line. Up to 600 questions per database.

2244 & 2245 WHIZ QUIZ 5.5 Multiple choice design & answering system. WhizQuiz is an easy to use multiple choice test program, useful for a variety of purposes; parents can help their children with their education, students can quiz themselves on a subject, and Educators can test a student without being present. WhizQuiz can provide multiple-line feedback, also for wrong answers.

2246 EXAMBANK Exam Bank is a teacher's aid program which stores examination questions of the type most commonly used by teachers and professors (hundreds each of multiple choice, true false, short answer, essay, and crossmatch), along with course information and the teacher's favorite instructions for the page and section headers. It allows for easy editing (add/change/delete), selection and printing of questions.

2247 The MR-DOS tutorial. The MR DOS tutorial is a menu-driven, self-paced tutorial for learning about a microcomputer and its Disk Operating System. It is split into 7 topics ranging from - "First Time User" to "Hard Disk Level 2". Each topic has 3 options: display tutorial on-screen, print & present a multiple choice /fill-in test. As an example, DOS level 3 covers: Versions of software, File Allocation Table (FAT), File fragmentation, File un-deletion, Batch Files, Redirection, Piping/Filters, Sorting directories

2248 CLARION database tutorial. This is the Professional Developer tutorial for the commercial database program CLARION. There are tutorials for each Clarion utility program, as well as the Clarion language structure and development environment.

2249 & 2250 GROUNDWATER Education System in Hypertext. The Groundwater Education System is designed to educate society of the nature of groundwater, how it is important, how it is contaminated, and the steps that should be taken if their groundwater becomes contaminated. Hypermedia makes this program easier to use as well as more educative. (Needs EGA; HD).

2251 to 2254 The *BOX educational games series (3-7 years). A series of educational programs for CGA for junior. The programs are fun, educational and include parental control parameters. Each of the disks is independent of the others. The four volumes of the series are: 2251: The LUNCHBOX includes letter matching (upper & lower case), memory & problem solving (whilst learning the 10 "digit" keys), counting objects, number sequence (1 to 9) and addition drill. 2252: The USABOX teaches concepts of distance and map reading, using a fun game (involving laser matter transmitters etc) but based on the USA geography. 2253: the FLASHBOX is a series of reading and memory drills. Each module contains 20 recommended "sight" words for pre- primer through first grade. Four boxes flash on the screen, each box covering a word. One at a time, each box vanishes for two seconds, revealing the word underneath. 2254 the BOATBOX is a set of reading drills. Each of the four modules contains 26 unique words. These drills should be played with a monitoring helper (like Mom or Dad!)

2255 AMANDA'S LETTER LOTTO: educational game. Amanda's Letter Lotto provides several levels of play. For young toddlers (18-30 months) it allows then to push keys that change the colors and symbols on the screen and get the computer to make some sounds. As your kids grow older they progress to locating specific keys and learning multiple key combinations. At the most difficult level of play you need to correctly pick five secret letters to win Letter Lotto.

2256 & 2257 INSTANT OFFICE v3.91: Integrated desktop manager. A fully integrated package that uses a "common sense" approach to the daily office tasks that need to be performed. It uses your current word processor, is fast, powerful and has received many rave reviews. This one is definitively worth a look! Includes a flexible name & address book, to-do list, week-at- a-glance with many diary functions, instant-letter (ready-written letters that require a minimum of customization) with envelope and/or merge, telemarketing, phone dialing, rolodex, typewriter and many more functions. (Shareware version supports up to 50 names).

2258, 2259 & 2260 MONEY-MIZER Personal (check/savings/card) accounting. This personal accounting system for home & small business features: Pop-UP and Pull-Down menus, Mouse support, Print checks from your checkbook, Easy reconciliation and balancing, Budget reports, over and under budget indicators, 3 types of budget graphs: Line, bar and pie (CGA/VGA only), Monthly Reminders, Card File Index for names/companies with mailing labels, Cash Flow report, and many more features. Very intuitive to use with extensive help.

2261 PC-DEAL: Simple accounting package. PC-DEAL is a no-nonsense accounting package supporting up to 80 accounts. It is a simple, no-frills package but will export data to various other programs (including dBase) and will happily work on a floppy-only system.

2262 & 2263 PC-CHART: Technical analysis tools for stock & commodity analysis. Comprehensive set of tools to generate buy/sell signals based on various technical analysis methods. Menu-driven interface. Data can be entered via spreadsheet-like entry mode. Supports price/volume, relative strength, logarithmic plots and weekly charts. Works with any graphics card.

2264 ASP: A Statistical Package for Business, Economics & Social Sciences. Menu-driven collection of appropriate statistical routines & data management system. Can deal with missing values. Includes autoregression (with data transformation routines), analysis of variance, scatter plots, various probability distributions (including Hypergeometric & Weibull), hypothesis testing (incl. goodness of fit, Kolmognov/Smirnoff, Krushal/Wallis & Friedman).

2265 PROTAB: Statistical Calculations for Quantitative Analysis. ProTAB is an easy-to-use statistical calculator for fast quantitative analysis of small data sets. The tools available include single and praired distribution, ANOVA, correlation and regression, and crosstab analysis.

2266 IMAGE ACCESS: Text & Graphics Database. Welcome to ImageAccess, a simple database program that associates a graphics image file with each text record. The result is a database of pictures. ImageAccess can create an inventory of just about any collection or group of people, places, or things. Possible applications are: organize clip-art, inventory with pictures of items, personnel files with employee photos, collectors, biologists, museums, estate agents, ... Pictures can come from DTP, drawing packages or scanners. Recognizes PCX, TIF and MSP files. Requires EGA/VGA. Prints to 24-pin or HP Laser.

2267 GET-IT v2.01: A free-form database & reminder program. Getit is a free form database program. Records may be entered while within the program, or copied in through the "Import" option. Basic records have no fields and any item may be found in any record. (the index key and reminder date are area specific) Getit is also a reminder program, for those of us who tend to forget those little things in life that should be remembered.

2268 TOTAL RECALL v.1.3: The Intelligent Way to Learn. TOTAL RECALL is a complete, computerized learning environment designed to help adults learn and memorize almost any subject. You enter everything you need to learn or memorize into TOTAL RECALL. It then helps you drill, review, and test on the material quickly and effortlessly. TOTAL RECALL automatically keeps track of where your weaknesses are and gives you the most practice in those areas. (Shareware version: maximum 50 records & limited number of sessions.)

2269 & 2270 BLACK MAGIC Creates & Reads Hypertext documents. Hypertext is based on the concept of "Expanding Information". With hypertext, blocks of information (text or graphics) can be linked to other blocks of information. Once two blocks of information have been linked together, they provide an instant "gateway" to the other. A single block of information can lead to another and so on. Information can literally expand at the user's request. Comes with sample files on world history, periodic table (chemistry) and the USA. (Requires CGA/EGA/VGA).

2271 "RAUNCHY" clip-art for WordPerfect (WPG) BOOTGIRL BRIDE FISH0 FLOWER HOTSTUFF JOJO KLEAN NICE PEGASUS PIANOGRL SAMFOX SHOWER SKIRT TIGRESS TWINS ZEBRA

2272 Miscellaneous clip-art for WordPerfect. ALICE BFLY1 BFLY2 BLOWURTH CASTLE CLOCK0 CRAB EARTH ELF0 FISH1 FOLIES GARGOYLE GLUE KENYA MOUSE READ SCISSORS WORDPRO ZIPPY

2273 Picture-Pak Demonstration Clip-Art collection. High quality clip-art, mostly in .PCX format.

2274 Miscellaneous Clip-Art for DTP in IMG format. BAR-TAXI CD-MUSIC FLY-LETR GOOD-MRN I-MUSTDO NEWSWRLD PAIN-L-S SCROLS-T

2275 The COSMOS v5.72L: Planetarium Simulator. Cosmos is a program which provides astronomical simulations the same way a planetarium does. Cosmos will show the past, present and future skies as viewed from Earth. It also shows the position of the planets in orbit around the Sun and gives specific data about the celestial bodies. Works on any CGA but EGA/VGA & maths co- processor recommended.

2276 SPACE FLIGHT simulator: earth as seen from space. This demo is provided principally as a means of interesting persons in the Space Flight Simulator. The program at this point simply depicts the earth as seen from a wide elliptical orbit. The program should work with CGA (very poorly), Hercules, EGA, or VGA graphics.

2277 QUICKFLI: graphics animation of clown. A superb demonstration of 256K VGA graphics animation capabilities.

2278 BARCODE generator (for C39 standard). This program generates bar codes on labels for internal inventory / tracking use. It adheres to the C39 standard which allows the use of alpha-numeric characters. Epson (graphics) compatible printer required. Note: the barcodes are not compatible with the RSA (numeric) product SANA bar-codes. (See disk 2279 HP compatible laser printers)

2279 Utility collection including DISK FILE ANALYZER will let you display or/and print ASCII text file data and control codes which may be imbedded in the program. DISPBUF1 will display the keyboard buffer memory location & actual content (eg when monitoring card/scanner input). KEYBUF will expand the keyboard buffer to accept up to 500 characters (instead of the usual 14 characters). Ideal for for PCs with alternative input devices eg magnetic card readers & bar-code scanners. UNIBAR01 is a bar code 39 printing routine for HP & compatible laser printers.

2280 & 2281 VIDEO ADS & PRESENTATION v1.1 VAP converts black and white PrintShop (PS) Screen Magic screen files into colorful displays that contain a variety of PS fonts and character sizes. In addition, you can add PS graphics to your display files and color them. VAP's colorful displays can be used by merchants to display in-store advertising and customer relations messages, or by people who want to display messages at conferences, shopping mall information centers, computer retail stores, club and business meetings, computer fairs, vendor shows. You need the commercial program PrintShop to use this program.

2282 QUEST 3-D v3.1 Design & model 3-dimensional objects. QUEST-3D is a design and modeling program that enables you to create, view, and edit three-dimensional wire-frame objects and images. Completely menu driven, the program is easy to learn and use, and features versatile commands with emphasis on conceptual design and illustration applications. QUEST-3D features the ability to create drawings from any viewpoint around your drawing, and uses a simultaneous command architecture that allows you to use several viewpoint commands even during the drawing functions. (CGA/EGA/VGA)

2283 & 2284 CASCADE DRAW: drawing & design program. A Computer-Aided Drawing/Drafting system suitable for the beginner. Objects included are lines, rectangles, arcs, cicles, arrows, points. Additional functions are copy, rotate, scale, mirror, zoom, pan. Text is scalable and can be written in any direction. Tutorial included. Works with any graphics card.

2285 & 2286 MAGIC BRUSH v1.11: Simple, effective drawing program. Magic Brush is a relatively simple, easy-to-learn graphics drawing program for CGA. Comes with a full disk with sample drawings.

2287 & 2288 1 on 1 = 3: dBASE III+ clone. 1 on 1 = 3 is a dBase clone, i.e. it executes almost all the commands of dBase but claims to execute most a lot (2 to 10 times!) faster. It has a number of enhancements, both in assist and command mode: including up to 48 open files, much better help & system info, better security, customizable menus (up to 9 overlaying each other), 2-dimensional arrays, lotus-like menus, etc. Hard disk and 640K needed (files expand to 1,4MB)

2289 to 2292 PULQUI Fractal Pictures. Pulqui Pics are VGA 640 X 400 256color graphic renditions of different Fractal types and planes. Each is unique in its color presentation, and position within the Mandelbrot or Julia set. You may view these graphics with any VGA graphics package that supports 640 X 400 256 color graphics. (Eg CSHOW, volume 2564) You should try color cycleing to realize truly magnificient images!

2293 STARVIEW: Display of the night sky for astronomers. Starview gives a detailed real-time (or sped up) display of the solar system objects in the night sky. You can add your own data for sky objects (in addition the planets, sun & moon already there). Many options available to enable its use by professional sky-gazers.

2294 ASTROLOGY CALCULATOR. This astrology program permits you to: calculate the zodiac sign positions of the ten planets, the sun and moon, and the twelve house cusps for date, time, and place; display the chart in graphic chartwheel format or in non-graphic format; choose between Koch <->Placidus house system, Sidereal <-> Tropical zodia; display aspects & midpoints, save charts and many more.

2295 SINGLES DATING SYSTEM for a dating service. Club Connection is a progran for running a Singles Dating Service Club by computer, although you may rename it anything you wish for advertising purposes. Since it is the authors opinion that no one can understand what God really had in mind when he invented the chemistry that attracts people together, this program is designed to dwell on the practical sides of compatability by determining and matching on areas of common interest.

2296 to 2299 Saguaro Club ASTRONOMY DATABASE This is a compilation of data of astronomy objects to provide a comprehensive observing list for use at the telescope. The database is in the form of a text file which expands to more than 1 MB. (HD) It comes with dBase formatting info (14 fields), a reader and miscellaneous printer utils (80/132/180 col).

2300 & 2301: ANTI-VIRUS kit: virus detectors, killers & vaccines. Collection of anti-virus programs including SCAN (scans your system, RAM and files) for 501 viruses, Flushot 5 (another virus scan utility), VSHIELD (memory-resident utility that attempts to intercept any virus attacks), NETSCAN (scans network file servers for viruses), CLEANUP (removes viruses with a little damage as possible).

2302 Lotus in the Lab: Macros and Templates A sampling of Templates and Macros for Lotus applications in the laboratory. Linear Regression, Quadratic Least Squares Fit, Third-Order Least Squares Fit and plot template. Predict value from regression line macro. Plot a polynomial, template. Plot first and second derivative for values. Linear Regression with Error Bars Plot & confidence lines. Plot a surface template. Plot multiple XY line and scatter graphs with diverse data. Elasped time keeping macro.

2303 EZ-FIT: Finds the best-fitting model for experimental data. EZ-FIT is an interactive computer software package that fits experimental data to a variety of model equations. It provides reliable parameter estimates and determines the goodness of fit of the data to the selected model. EZ-FIT has the facility for data entry, editing, filing, and plotting. Up to 90 data pairs can be analyzed at once. (Requires CGA for plot.)

2304 CALCULUS & DIFFERENCIAL EQUATIONS v10. Integrated set of routines to solve calculus and differential equations problems (EGA needed!) Also included: Runge-Kutta vs. Euler approx., 3-D version, string vibration animated demo, graphical 3-D illustration of simplex method for Linear Programming.

2305 SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR with more than 250 functions! This is a handy calculator to scientific & mathematical functions quickly. An incredible amount of power packed into one program! Includes evaluation functions (polynomials, Gaussian, differentiate & integrate, fourier etc), statistical functions, "common" maths functions, many coordinate transforms, general & relativistic science functions, zillions of unit conversions, trig functions, matrix operations & evaluations (also 3-D) and more.

2306 E.Q. FILER: Equation Storage & Execution System. E.Q.Filer is for anyone who uses equations. It provides quick and easy access to the formulas that you have input with clear and concise prompts. Before using any formula, the system will display the relevant equation and any descriptive notes. E.Q.Filer then goes on to accept data, with prompts input by you, and solve the equation. Any variable can be changed with instant results after the initial solution.

2307 PARTICLE SIMULATOR: simulates the behaviour of solid bodies. 3-body simulations; Elliptic billiard systems in n-dimension; Sun, Moon and earth; Comet near the earth; Movement of a particle on a surface along the geodesic; Time delay phenomenon in Relativity theory (CGA or EGA).

2308 CHEMICAL ELEMENT Reference Library. Provide detailed information for all 106 elements which may be updated using any ASCII type word procesor, a listing of special solutions and reagents as well as procedures & formula to properly create the result mixtures, basic information of the atomic groups and their distinct traits, glossary for common Chemistry and Physics terms, and extended function calculator.

2309 SILICONIX FET/MOSPOWER device databook. This on-line database of FET and MOSPOWER devices is somewhat out of date (1986) but allows one to search a device by characteristics which is very useful.

2310 MOTOROLA Databook. Besides being a comprehensive database of Motorola electronics devices, it also assists designers in finding the best device for a new design but also provides substitutes that can optimize existing designs by reducing the number of elements (1988 version)

2311 & 2312 PC-BROWSE text scanning & searching utility. PC-Browse is a memory-resident program that helps you find information in your files. You can pop up a PC-Browse window over your application program, enter the name of a file to search and the text you want to find, and press the search key. PC-Browse quickly finds and displays the information you seek. Press the search key again to continue searching until it finds all occurrences of the text. You can paste information into your application program, copy it to a file, or print it. PC-Browse offers some "navigational" tools, or place markers, so you can quickly move back and forth between pages of text.

2313 SCREEN design & cut and paste utilities. SoS (Save our Screens) is a memory-resident program that allows you to save and restore text screens to memory (up to 9 screens) and disk (up to 90). Supports most text applications in MDA, CGA, HGC, EGA, MCGA and VGA TEXT modes (40/80 columns, max.50 rows). Graphics Cut and Paste (GRCP) allows users to take (cut) information from any graphic screen and put (paste) this information onto another graphic screen. Software receiving the destination paste must be a graphics editor that does not care about what images are on the screen. P-Screen lets you design screens, create screen "libraries," then display your screens from your own programs -- easily, quickly. Usesful for menus, help screens, data entry, program demos, prototyping, etc.

2314 Timed Execution, TAME multitasking programs, MTBF calculator. TIMERUN is a user supported program which will allow the user to execute a program or DOS command at any future time. All the user has to do is tell Timerun which program or command to execute along with the day and time it should run. RELIABILITY CALCULATOR assists with such things as temperature acceleration factors, number of days required to demonstrate on MTBF (MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURE) with for various products based on actual number of units tested for a specific number of days at a given temperature. TAME is designed to speed up applications within any DOS based multi-tasking environment (DESQview, Double Dos, Omniview, VM/386, Windows/386). It does this by intercepting the continuous keyboard polling routines of the programs when idle, so that the other multitasked programs get more time-slices. Vast improvements will be shown for programs such as WordPerfect, Lotus, Harvard Graphics, Norton Commander,...

2315 Gentle AT-SETUP, Total System Statistics, ScreenBlanker, DOS/BIOS Xref. GSETUP is a generic (gentle?) SETUP program for the AT and all TRUE compatibles. The program is designed to allow you to set/modify CMOS ram values to tell the system what the time, date, type and number of floppy disk drives and hard disks, monitor type, etc., are for your personal computer. TOTAL SYSTEM STATISTICS v2.2 produces a simple but comprehensive set of statistics of the PC/XT/AT or compatible computer on which it is run. BLANKs is an MS-DOS/PC-DOS based, resident program that blanks the screen after a preselected interval in the absence of a keypress. This interval can be selected from 1 to 60 minutes. Also included on this volume is a comprehensive DOS & BIOS reference.

2316 TYPING DEMON keyboard speed-up/ redefinition util & data compression TYPING DEMON is a creative approach to speed up typing & word processing by making your keyboard a lot more intelligent. Although difficult to explain, it is very quick to learn (you don't have to learn a NEW keyboard like the DVORAK keyboard) but yields dramatic speed improvements. For example it gives you quicker access to the often-used Backspace, Enter and cursor keys, and commonly used words. FLY ST/EXP represents a new level of performance for text data compression, typically compressing text files to about 30% of their original size.

2317 FLY-UTILS & XANADU disk utils, 87 emulator & JDOS program SWOPPING util. FLY-UTILS include D: a nifty directory listing program; HUNT: locates files all over your harddisk; LOOK4: finds selected text in any file on your HD; MC2SP: a sexy DOS-prompt; NEWDATE: changes date/time file stamp; HIDE & UNHIDE files; VOLNAME: renames hard or floppy disk. XANADU utils include HOT DIR colourful directory (colour based on file extension); PC-STATS memory, disk & other statistics; SFIND: finds files on your HD. FAKEY: Keyboard Phantom Typist allows you to "preload" data (keystrokes) when starting up a program. Useful for batch files to bypass initial choices or screens of application programs. EM87 emulates the 8087 math co-processor on AT type machines. FRANKE.387 emulates the 387 maths coprocessor on 386SX/DX PCs. V-Utilities: VMARKBAD recovers data from marginal hard disk sectors and marks them bad. VCOLOR tests the different screen colour combinations. VRES shows memory-resident programs. JDOS allows you to load new programs without exiting current applications whilst having almost the full 640K (+ screen memory) available for the new application.

2318 PC performance analyzer & HD Interleave Adjustment Util. SPEED compares the microprocessor and memory operations in your computer with the "standard" IBM/PC. It shows what the actual performance of a machine may be in "real world" applications. IAU is a program which changes the physical arrangement of data on the computer's hard disk in order for the CPU to be able to access (read and write) the data in the least amount of time. This causes the computer system to operate in the fastest possible manner.

2319 EZ-HELP: create your own help systems. EZhelp is designed as a tool for writers or programmers who need a simple help system to use stand-alone, link with existing software, or use as an on-line reference. You can easily create a window driven help system with new or existing texts, and registered users may distribute EZhelp with them free of charge.

2320 COMPRESSION algorithms & source code (LHARC-based). This disk contains a variety of information of compression algorithms, including ASM and C source code routines. Also included are benchmark comparisons between popular compression programs.

2321 ARCMASTER v4.56: Visual Interface for ARCHIVE programs. ArcMaster is a full-featured visual interface program designed facilitate the operation of archive systems in the PCDOS/MSDOS environment. By itself, ArcMaster WILL NOT perform any file compression or decompression. With one or more of the six supported archive systems present, ArcMaster will make the creation, modification, and unarchiving of archive files much easier and faster. It is menu- driven and employs a "point and shoot" style method of controlling major archiving operations.

2322 PC-RESOURCE productivity utilities disk. FILE-CRUISER "disk-voyeur" peek/ search/ view/ locate files. WHOA slows down programs designed for PC when running on AT/386. SHFTCAPS turns the NUM-LOCK off when booting your AT. NOPRNTKY disables PrtScrn. QUIKSHOT takes a snapshot of text/CGA screens. PAGER pages through a text file & prints selected portions. PrintPrimer lets you re-configure your printer from DOS. STUFF fakes initial keyboard input to an application program.

2323 & 2324 ORACOMM personal Bulletin Board System. Your Personal ORACOMM(tm) will allow you to maintain a Personal BBS System with up to 25 Users, 150 Messages and 5 Seperate Sub-Boards.

2325 Basic Aid programmer's tools. As a basic overview the program will, compress,a basic program and remove remarks, expand a program by that we mean it will separate multiple statements per basic line into one or more statements, generate cross references on program variables and basic reserved words, and probably the most important will generate a cross reference showing all references to a specific line number that was referenced by a GOTO,GOSUB,ELSE,THEN,ERL,RESTORE OR RESUME statement. You can then find all variables, areas of code and such that are not referenced (and remove for storage savings) as well as on overview of program flow to find out how the program got to a specific line number. Note: this disk also contains some basic source code programs.

2326 Basic Subroutine Collection. A collection of 100 documented basic subroutines for use in your own program. Although written for QuickBasic, most can be used (or converted) for TurboBasic of IBM-Basic.

2327 TurboBasic routines. A collection of routines for use with TurboBasic; including windowing, a generic program shell (with built-in screen handling), and a source code formatting program.

2328 SCREEN BUILDER v1.3: Design screens for use in your programs. Screen Builder lets you design your text screens quickly and then save them as images (including all colour and display attributes) so that they can be loaded by your own application programs.

2329 EGA-MONOPOLY This is the famous monopoly board game for 256K EGA.

2330 EGA-GAMES: CASINO games; Solitaire & Backgammon. The Las Vegas EGA Casino is a collection of three favorite Las Vegas casino games. Las Vegas Casino Blackjack is a simulation of the table game, as played on the Las Vegas Strip. Las Vegas Video Poker is a recreation of the popular video poker machines. Las Vegas Dollar Slots (MicroBucks) is a colorful visual fantasy. Also included: SOLITAIRE (needs mouse) and BACKGAMMON

2331 CGA-Arcade Games: Icer, Impact, Ultimate & Rimtrix. Some new arcade games for CGA.

2332 VGA DEMO PROGRAMS: Dazzle & Waterfall DAZZLE is a randomized color pattern generator for EGA/VGA compatible color displays and adapters. A source of beauty, sometimes subtle, sometimes vibrant, always changing. Useful for displays, a break or meditation. ACT produces pseudo-animated graphics on a color EGA or VGA display: a waterfall & a pair of spinning balls.

2333 HUGO'S HOUSE OF HORRORS: Graphics Adventure. This is an exciting, challenging game of wit and skill which makes superb use of graphics and even limited animation. Help Huge rescue his sweetheart from the haunted house. (Hard disk + EGA needed)

2334 AT/EGA arcade games: Star Defense (superb sound) & Slither. Star Defense is a multitasking arcade game with digital voice and sound output. The object is to protect your missile silos from enemy bombs with five levels of action. Slither is a simple but challenging game based on the original 'Snake' game, written in high-resolution EGA by a video game addict for video game addicts. The object is to eat as many rats as possible without running into your steadily growing body. (Games require AT with EGA/VGA)

2335 Arcade Games: PROTON (battle simulation) & ASP ATTACK (snake) Proton is an arcade style battle simulation, set in a maze-type playfield using hand phaser weapons. It is obviously based on a real-life game, but I can't think of its name. The game consists of a maze playfield, with two opposing teams. Each team consists of three players. There are also two bases or goals, which are color coded to match the team which should be trying to protect it. Points are obtained by blasting the hell out of the other team, while avoiding their fire. Asp Attack is your basic snake-eats-food-and-grows arcade game, with each level presenting more complex scenery to maneuver around. (CGA/EGA)

2336 Arcade Games: DRAGCITY (drive a dragster) & LINETECH (2-player warship) DRAGCITY: Your uncle died and has left you his dragster. Its not state of the art. In fact, its a manual 3 speed job with the engine in front of the driver. You've decided to cast good judgement aside and race it yourself. (EGA) LINETECH: This is essntially a two player game, played on two computers that are connected with a RS-232 cable and/or modems. You are flying a Cobra Mark IV multi-purpose General Contact Vehicle, which is a very fast and manoeuvrable spaceship. Your opponent has a Cobra IV too, so you both have equal chances for winning. Which one wins depends on your reactions and tactical skills!

2337 Arcade games: VIPER, CREEPS, ATC. VIPER is a one-player arcade game that uses 80x25 ASCII characters, and will work on a Monochrome or Color/Graphics adapter. The object is to shoot down as many Cylon Imperial Fighters as you can before all three Vipers in your squadron are destroyed. ATC (air traffic controller): direct aircrafts from one place to another via radio and keep them separated to avoid collision, using radar. CREEPS (CGA): You are the green triangle. The creeps are red triangles. There are a lot of them, but they are pretty stupid. Shoot them with your gun to kill them or just ram into them. Ramming them costs you a life and some points, so don't do this very often.

2338 Arcade games: MOTOR MANIA, A new Space Invaders & EGAROIDS. Motor Mania is high speed motorbike game in which you are the rider, and you are attempting to race through a series of jumps in a limited amount of time. You must keep track of your temperature so as to prevent overheating, and you must stay out of the way of other racers. You must also keep your bike balanced to prevent crashing. (CGA) Space Invaders: A new version of the classic. Save the Earth from the hideous terror in the skies! Fight off the evil alien claim-jumpers from Alpo Centurian! A great way to burn off (ZAP!) your frustrations (POW!) and your basic desire (BOOM!) to bash something into smithereens. Also includes EGAROIDS, the EGA space ships versus asteroids game with a customization routine.

2339 Arcade games: BUMPMAZE and Kingdom of Kroz. Kingdom of Kroz is a combination of arcade action, strategy, and adventure. As the intrepid explorer, you will venture through 25 unique levels (screens) of treasures and perils. Each level is patrolled by as many as 1000 creatures out for your blood! Hazards include lava, earthquakes, pits, rushing rivers and forbidden forests. Helpful items to collect are whips, gems, scrolls, keys and artifacts. Each level is a series of chambers with puzzles and pitfalls to overcome. (Winner of US computing contest.) BUMPMAZE is an arcade game where the object is to push a ball into a white hole within a given time limit. There are 8 different screens. Speeds adjusts according to your machine. (CGA)

2340 Arcade Games: Spiders from Mars, MainBreak, Catch'em, AV. Tommy's Stompers (AKA spiders from Mars): you wake up in a room filled with huge stomper machines that pound shining martion steel anvils at different rates. You soon realize that great grizzly spiders are moving down towards you on revolting threads. The only course is to hop over the anvils in time to avoid the stompers. CATCH'EM: a VGA+mouse "catch" the stoppers -game. MAIN BREAK is quite simple and yet very challenging. Your job is to connect passages for the water to flow through without leaving gaps in the water main. The board is set up in a grid like pattern. When the game begins, there will be a starting point chosen at random where the water will start to flow after 10 seconds. You can use 4 different types of pipe connections. (mouse & CGA)

2341 SPACE SHADES: Space arcade game (works on ANY pc). Space Shades places you in the cockpit of a space cruiser. You control your ship, a space station, and a spy remote while exploring planets in preparation for your encounter with a hostile enemy. Space Shades is designed to provide the feel of a flight simulator. During play, you look directly out a window into 3D Space. Provided with a navigation computer, you have complete freedom to fly wherever you want. You can loop around your station, fly into the Sun, or crank up your ships speed to .9 SOL. Your mission will be to seek out your enemy and destroy him before he takes over the galaxy. That is his mission also.

2342 PIRATE: maze game - look for the pirate's treasure. Work your way through a complicated cave with many tunnels, holes and ledges. Includes basic source code (CGA).

2343 MORAFF's PINBALL: high quality 5-flipper pinball game. The ultimate pinball game will automatically adapt to any graphics card you may have (up to 800x600 VGA) and speed of your PC. It will keep you addicted for many, many rounds.

2344 SHARKS: a cunning underwater arcade game. ALIVE SHARKS is an underwater action arcade game. It utilizes unique Artificial Intelligence, Simulation and Classic Animation techniques to transform your computer screen into a realistic ocean floor. You are the Frogman and your mission is to collect rare marine creatures and recover lost treasures from the bottom of the sea. Well, it not going to be easy. Your diving uniform is state of the art but you can survive only a few shark bites and it is useless against the poison of the deadly Jelly Fish. This is not your typical "Shoot-them-up, Eat-the-Dots kind-of-game". Your enemies are crafty, independent, they surround you in clever formations and when you shoot at them from far away they are smart enough to avoid your shot. (Hercules, CGA or EGA. The VGA version is disk 2345)

2346, 2347 & 2348 KUNG-FU LOUIS versus the martial arts posse. Fungfu Louis is an elaborate martial arts arcade game for AT with EGA. The story starts Miyakonojo, on the southern island of Kyushu, Japan. The day was hot and humid, with a tinge of rain near the tip of the legendary mountain, Sobo Zan. Louis kneeled in meditation. Tiny droplets of sweat and blood dripped from his face and neck. This was the test of the Fourth Level, the last test before becoming Master. He has already fought and defeated 19 black-belt karatekas continuously, etc.

2349 VEGAS PRO BLACKJACK v1 Professional blackjack game with extensive tutorial and "hypertext" help. Runs on any graphics card.

2350 VEGAS JOHNNY'S DRAW POKER This is a detailed simulation of a draw poker game. It's features include: Bet limits, blind and ante amounts are user selectable; Six levels of competition; Variable playing speed; On-line betting and drawing advice; On-Line Odds and Statistics; On-line help with "what beats what"; Scoreboard file to log big winners; User interface allows fast and easy play.

2351 VIDEO BLACKJACK v2.0: BlackJack tutorial & game. Video Blakjak is for people who like to play Blackjack and want to learn how to play it better. If you're looking for entertainment, you'll find plenty here. If you're a serious student of the game, Video Blakjak will make you a better player. It will help you learn how to count cards, adjust to rules changes, and make the proper betting judgments. It will even help you develop your own card-counting system. Runs on any graphics card.

2352 POWER CHESS v5.3 The new version of PowerChess V5.3 is an easy to use chess playing program with a wide range of possibilities. Because of the clearly arranged screens and the complete implementation of the international chess rules (eg. 50 move drawing rule), PowerChess V5.3 can highly be recommended for chess classes and leisure time. Includes several nice features (including the dreaded announcement of "mate in <n> moves", supports all graphics cards, many openings.

2353 EDCHESS v1.99 Another great chess game including autoplay, monochrome monitor support, backup moves, save/load games, difficulty level, think ahead (computer thinks whilst you are playing), 1300 opening library etc.

2354 RACE! miniature car racing game. The cars can accelerate, decelerate, or turn through the race courses while many obstacles block their progress including walls, slopes, gates, tornadoes, and gas slicks. The more tracks a car successfully completes, the better the car becomes in areas such as acceleration, speed, traction, and helicopter speed. Also, Race! lets the user design his own race tracks on which the cars compete. (CGA/EGA)

2355 PYRAMID solitaire. Features high-resolution EGA graphics, full mouse support (optional), and a sleek, easy to use interface. Pyramid goes one step further by including a Tournament mode in which you can play against a friend, or try your luck against the computer. While there are other implementations of Pyramid solitaire available, this is probably one of the finest, with crisp, colorful graphics, cheerful sounds, and a polished user interface.

2356 Card Games: Pinochle, Hearts, Poker and Brain Double-Deck Pinochle (PCPIN) is designed to let you learn and perfect the game. A learner's version is provided which simulates everybody playing with their hand on the table. The regular version lets you perfect your strategies. The object in Hearts is the least score. The game was known as "Black Lady" on its introduction...the Black Lady being the additional penalty card, Dirty Dora, Lil, Calamity Jane, Black Maria - the Queen of Spades. BRAINCHILD is the computerized version of the "remember the cards" game which can be played by children and adults alike. It improves memory skills and sports interesting card motifs (CGA).

2357 MATH AND LOGIC GAMES FOR KIDS These six programs are aimed at grade levels K through 6, but can be enjoyed by all. In TARGET MATH, you take turns adding numbers trying to reach a target sum, while in JELLY BEANS you take turns removing beans from a jar and the one who takes the last bean loses! I SHOT AN ARROW is a simple simulation of an arrow flying through the air; the program introduces estimation and answer refinement skills. LEAKY TUB simulates filling a leaky bath tub with hot and cold water. This program helps teach logical thinking and is just plain fun. In MATH RACE, up to four players take turns answering flash card arithmetic problems. The faster you answer your problem, the further down the track your car travels. Each player can race at a skill level appropriate to their grade level. Finally, MATH AS ART simply draws pretty pictures using the ideas of fractal math.

2358 SOCCER team manager. The object of this outstanding game is to become a successful manager of a football team. At the outset you are contracted for a number of years to a fourth division team. From this lowly base you try to build up a reputation which ensures other teams have an avid interest in desiring your managerial qualities to be present at their club. Consequently, when your contract expires you may, if you're extremely talented, get offered a contract from a first division team. Also includes the Indian PACHISI (EGA/VGA) chase/race game.

2359 Board Games: Bingo, Aggravate, Backgammon & Othello PCBINGO is a PC implementation of the traditional game of BINGO. The game is simple to play and should bring hours of entertainment. (needs printer to print the bingo cards). The object of the IOGA (othello) is to have the majority of your color squares on the board at the end of the game. The rules are quite simple, it takes a minute to learn and with practice you'll see yourself improving steadily. The object of Aggravation is to move all four of a player's squares around the board from Home Base position to "Home Safe" You don't have to be AGGRAVATING but it helps!

2360 Board Games: Doubolo, DXWord & Capture. (EGA/VGA) Doublolo is a variation of the classic game Othello. The Board however is not 8 x 8 but 14 by 23, yet it varies with each game. Therefore no two games are ever alike. DXWORD: Special for the Diagramless Cross Word Puzzle solvers. No more reams of cross-hatched paper and pounds of erasers. An infinitely erasable scratch pad for working your puzzle. Capture is a board game of skill and strategy, for one or two players, with several modes of play and special features.

2361 SEAHUNT & WISDOM SEEKER. Seahunt is the computerized version of the well-known game "Battleship" played on the familiar grid: sink the computer's fleet before it sinks yours. The object of Wisdom Seeker is to open a vault which contains the keys to wisdom (Ed: Aaah! I wish it were only so easy...). You must first make contact with an agent which will give you a floorplan of the computer centre, where you must steal disks from the computer room, etc. (adventure game).

2362 CROSSWORDS PUZZLES Design System. COMPUTER CROSSWORD PUZZLES SYSTEM (CCPS) was designed for people who enjoy solving and/or creating their own crossword puzzles. How easy is to create your own puzzle? ,You can find out just follow simple instructions, that you see on the bottom on the screen. In CCPS you can have up to 5000 words in the library, and up to 500 puzzles and up to 100 puzzle layouts. (CGA)

2363 Duelling StarShips and Awele (african board game) Dueling Starships is a two-player real-time battle between opposing starships. The computer screen and keyboard are split in half allowing the captains of both starships to play simultaneously. The object of the game is to destroy the enemy starship. Awele is a well-known African game for 2 players with 2 rows of 12 boxes of 4 seeds each. The object is to harvest as many seeds as possible on your side so that the opponent can no longer move. (also in French)

2364 Adventure games: Braminar, Icewords, Kukulcan. BRAMINAR is a boolean interactive fiction game (similar to interactive fiction, but instead of you entering just any command, about 80% of he time, you only need to say YES or NO or answer with a number - no more "I don't understand" messages). Braminar can be a reasonably fast-paced game if you are quick about responding to the prompts (unlike the usual adventure games) Be warned that Braminar is somewhat crazy. You'll notice, as you use it, that the author likes hamburgers and doughnuts, and makes jokes about Hellen Reddy. In ICEWORDS you assume command of a the USS Helldiver submarine. Your brief is to retrieve a diplomatic pouch bearing super-secret documents from a crashed B-17 bomber...on the North Pole Icecap. There is obviously a Nazi spy on board. KUKULCAN starts on a hot, steamy day in the Yucatan rain forest. You are an American archaeologist and are there in pursuit of the Lost City of Kukulcan, a fabulous city which many think exists only in legend.

2365 PODWARS (adventure) and CONNECT4 (board) PodWars plays in the comfortized society of the late 2100s which can be quite boring. Apart from the attacks on earth by the Zonrins some fifty years ago, there has been only technological changes for over one hundred years. There is very little challenge in day to day living. This has lead some of the more adventuresome to equip their Personal Observation Droids (PODS) with lasers and impulse cannons and send them out in search of the precious metal Qzrn (pronounced Cues-rin). CONNECT4 is a cross between vertical "checkers" and "othello". It has been commercially marketed as "4 in a row". Can be played from 7 years up. (Support all graphics cards).

2502 HOME INSURANCE v.4.0: tracks your possessions and their value. Home Insurance is software that allows you to keep track of what you own, where items are located and how much it would cost to replace something that is lost. By categorizing items by type, Home Insurance can give you the total replacement value for each type of item you own. Data can be kept to three different levels of detail.

2503 GOALSEEKER for spreadsheet target analysis. Goalseeker adds a powerful new capability to your regular spreadsheet (Lotus 1-2-3, SuperCalc, VP-Planner or Multiplan). It allows you to set a certain "target value" (goal) for a calculated value and it will automatically find solutions where given input (independent) values will achieve the goal, using a reverse of backward iterative search method. (Note: has only been tested on Lotus v.2.0 and SuperCalc 4)

2504 SAVE THE PLANET: Tutorial & Advice on Global Environmental Issues. Contains a wealth of background information on the causes of the "Greenhouse Effect" including detailed discussions of global warming and the ozone hole. In addition, practical advice is given how YOU can help in your current situation (home, life style etc). (Menu-driven)

2505 THE INTERNIST: Diagnosis possible ailments on basis of your symptoms. By selecting the symptoms that describe your current illness best, the computer will generate a list of all potential ("pooled" analysis) or the most likely ("exclusive" analysis) ailment you are suffering from. Do not use this program as an alternative to your GP, but it may give some pointers, although the "pooled" analysis may give you quite a scare if you are not very accurate in pinpointing your symptoms.

2506 to 2510 LASER utilities and fonts collection for HP LJ II (compatibles) 2506: TRIM allows you to trim down the size of huge soft fonts by selecting only those letters that you actually use. FNTCLEAN cleans up shareware font descriptor & printer information to make soft fonts more compact. FONTVIEW reads in an HP softfont and displays it on EGA screen with maximum magnification. DOWNLOAD a utility to load soft fonts into your HP and set a number of attributes (permanent, test, primary/secondary). PRTSC replaces the DOS GRAPHICS command: lets you print graphics screens in various graphics modes to Epson OR LaserJet printer at different resolutions (75 to 300dpi). 2507: Contains the following collection of fonts: VENUS (12, 20 and 29 pt), APPLE (Medium stroke attractive 24pt), CAMELOT (very ornate, Olde English style 24pt), CANDY (candy striped letters 23pt) and OBLIQUE (light airy font, 24pt). 2508: POR2LAND converts portrait fonts to landscape fonts! LASEIT sends printer files to a laser jet with a multitude of options (nr of copies, even/uneven pages, margin settings, sideways, etc.) FONTLODR is an HP LaserJet soft font loader that can rotate, scale, mirror, and fix the pitch of soft fonts. LAND converts fonts upside down and/or mirrored. Also includes a 24 pt "toy letters" font (but A,E & O are missing) 2509: SOLIDFNT converts any font to a solid, three-dimensional typeface. Includes a sample HELVETICA 32 pt italic 3D font. ENVLJ utility to make the printing of envelopes on your LaserJet a lot easier, provision is made for both the mailing and return addresses. Can print one address or a series using a database of addresses. 2510: VARIFONT converts any soft font to one of different size, shape, texture, character set, or other attribute, as desired. DL is a memory-resident laser font manager with point-and-shoot interface. CTABLE is a character width table generator for soft fonts.

2512 Self-Health STRESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. This system is designed to be self-contained, and teaches you how to regulate stress levels. The computer adds to the power and effectiveness of the program by doing some of the important things another person might do, such as providing you with information and feedback to develop your stress coping skills. The system consist of three components: A stress test designed to measure and analyze your overall stress level; A method for identifying your stressors and assessing their intensity levels; A display system for showing trends over time in stress levels for different stressors.

2513 DEPRESSION FREE: Diagnosis of & possible cures for depression. This program analyses the type of your depression using a set of quizzes (including one for chronic fatique, women-only, hypnosis, low-blood sugar, manic depression, stress and self-esteem). A wide variety of possible treatment methods are discussed, both conventional and alternative: Acupuncture, Astrology, Chiropractic, Drug Therapy, Elavil Sleep Therapy, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Faith Healing, Feminist Therapy, GLA, Herbal Medicine, Homeopathic Medicine, Hydrotherapy, Hypnotic Therapy, K'ai Men, Lithium Therapy, Sleep Therapy, Soap Opera Therapy, Vitamin Therapy.

2515 RESUME SHOP v2: helps you prepare a professional Curriculum Vitae. This program assists you in preparing customized CVs to improve your chances in winning that job/bursary/project... Use the same data to create different CVs for different purposes or jobs.

2516 & 2517 PROGRAMMER's TECHNICAL REFERENCE to MS-DOS. A textbook on disk containing a wealth of info on the technical aspects of DOS. Chapter 1: Introduction and history. Chapter 2: Low memory, memory map, interrupts 0-9h. Chapter 3: Interrupts 10h-20h. Chapter 4: Interrupt 21h, DOS functions. Chapter 5: Interrupts 22h through 0FFh. Chapter 6: DOS memory blocks and work areas. Chapter 7: DOS file structure. Chapter 8: DOS disk information.

2518 Computer Voice Tutor's World of the Alphabet, talking program. This exciting program is designed for children of preschool age. The - RECITE - section is designed explicitly for small children who can not yet recognize the keyboard. RECITE will advance without any key input. If the child hits any key, the letter will be repeated three times. The FIND KEY section is for children who can recognize the keyboard. They must hit the proper key to proceed. The computer voice makes it a great attraction for the kids! (May not work with 386 PCs)

2519 SCHOOL MOM: comprehensive set of tools for young children. SCHOOL-MOM is an educational tool for children ages 4 to 14. Its main options are Music, Art, Spelling, English, Math and Exams. Also, a hidden File Change Menu exists for parents and teachers. This menu can be used to make additions and changes to the data files.

2520 HOW TO READ FOR EVERYDAY LIVING: Tutor for young readers. This tutor covers two important areas of day-to-day life, i.e. the Management of Your Money and How to Travel. It develops a number of reading related practical skills pertaining to these every-day activities (e.g. how to read a city map, train schedule; or how to apply for a bank account). Some Americanisms may present difficulties but the program remains very useful. (CGA needed).

2521 THE GREEN CONSUMER: database & almanac on environmental issues. A electronic guide containing hundreds of ways to help save our planet. A database of information for those concerned about our environment. This program will also link symptoms of unexplained health problems to probable environmental causes. This program is for you, your children, and future generations... ...because you have a chance to make a better world by making informed decisions at home, while shopping, or at work. (Hard Disk, 640K)

2522 BRAIN-TEASERS: Test your wits on this collection of puzzles. A collection of 48 problems which can be solved by logical or creative thinking. Not easy but challenging. One per day keeps the psychiater away? Gymnastics for the mind!

2523 CYCLER'S LOG: A history and performance database for cyclists. Add rides, display them, look for your best times, display average (weekly, monthly, total) times and other items of interest.

2527 CHAPLINESQUE: A multi-media animation of the poem "Chaplinesque". Includes animation and nice visual displays but needs VGA, Hard Disk and a 386 (or fast 286) is recommended.

2528 CRYSTAL BALL: Generates predictions for the future. Welcome to the world of the psychic computer! Like human psychics, "Crystal Ball" generates predictions about the future. It also answers whatever questions you may wish to ask. Unlike human psychics, "CRYSTAL BALL" is honest. It generates its predictions entirely at random, and it makes no claims for accuracy. It doesn't even guarantee that what it says will make sense. But that is just part of the fun...

2529 ESPERANTO TUTOR: Lernu la internacian lingvon, Esperanto !! This disk contains lessons on the world interlanguage Esperanto. It explains what the language Esperanto is now; and what it will become in the global "information and telecommunications age" of 2000 a.d; ASCII pictures serve as a practical course in Esperanto; text files of the dialog between boy and girl Esperanto speakers can be printed out and studied. Batch files will cause your computer to talk like two robots having that same dialog. A full-screen Esperanto editor with example files of Esperanto telecommunications from Russia and China, and a Chess game with Esperanto instructions; which shows that universal software can be developed that can someday be used by every person of every nation in the global village of 2000 a.d. Lernu la internacian lingvon, Esperanto.....Adia!

2530 & 2531 HOME MONEY MANAGER II: home checkbook & budget manager. Home Money Manager II is an advanced home checkbook and budget software package. It allows you to track check, credit, and cash account activities and get reports that summarize your financial activities. It can print checks or track tax deductible purchases/donations. HMM-II can track 12 checking accounts, 12 credit accounts, and over 3000 transactions per year. 84 budget catagories are available, plus there are an additional 800 expense catagories.

2532, 2533 & 2534 FILE EXPRESS v.4 Easy-to-use, powerful database system. File Express is a database management program written for the PC. Using File Express, information of virtually any kind can be put into the computer, then can be printed, sorted and displayed. File Express is very easy to use, because it makes extensive use of "menus" and user "prompts". Businesses use File Express in dozens of applications, such as: Order Processing, Sales Journals, Billing and A/R, Inventories, Summary Reports, Mailing Lists. There are also many personal uses for File Express, such as checkbook records and budgets, maintaining personal inven- tories, maintaining collector records, and maintaining records for clubs, civic groups, churches and other organizations.

2535 CLICHE-FINDER: Checks your documents for over-used phrases. Cliche finder helps you check your writing for old, hackneyed, trite, and overused words and phrases. It will produce a report listing the "cliches" found in a document. Hundreds of cliches are supplied in the program's data base. You can view and change the information in this data base.

2536 PFRIO v.2: PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT and PERFORMANCE EVALUATOR. PFROI provides complete portfolio management including computation of return on investment (IRR method). PFROI Features an easy data input format; computation of true return on investment (IRR method); user-configurable tax rates; valuation graphics (CGA, EGA, VGA & Hercules); support of just about every security type (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, cd's, depreciable assets, options, etc.) with many transaction types including reinvestment.

2539 WINSLOW Business Cash Flow & Financial Planning Worksheet. The Planner/Analyst provides a business owner, investor, or financial decision-maker with a planning model of sufficient sensitivity that the financial impact of alternative scenarios can be quickly and accurately evaluated. The Planner/Analyst produces a detailed income statement and balance sheet, which it integrates into a cash flow forecast that continuously reflects changes in both income statement and balance sheet. The model also provides useful condensed summary reports of plan results. Includes a 90-page manual. (Requires Lotus 1-2-3 & HD)

2540 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS PAK v.2 This program package is an aid in analyzing certain financial transactions (futures, options, interest rate swaps, and forwards), as well as an aid in general asset/liability management evaluation. The package is designed for analysis of banks and thrifts, though some of the sub-programs may be applicable to the analysis of other types of firms. The package is menu driven and contains a sub-menu for each type of analysis.

2541 LASER LETTERHEAD PLUS v.2: Design your own letterhead stationary. This program is an easy to use laser printing program that will let you create Letterhead Stationery and matching envelopes on your Hewlett Packard LaserJet Printer. Create not just a business letterhead, but a personal name version also. You do not have to calculate each line of print nor worry about the difficult task of centering proportional fonts. The program does it all for you. Boxing in lines is a snap and shading the letterhead is a matter of choice. Everything is menu driven to make it easy. Extensive documentation. (HD)

2542, 2543 & 2544 super RAPS ACCOUNTING SYSTEM for small & medium sized business. This fully menu-driven, comprehensive, professional accounting system includes debtors, invoicing, creditors, stock, general ledger and cash book modules. Each of the modules can be run on their own or integrated. Includes context sensitive help. Designed in and for the RSA & can be registered here!

2545 DECISION ANALYSIS PAK v.2.04: the modern art of decision making. DAS will aid an individual who is faced with a problem of choice in selecting an alternative that is consistent with his personal basic judgments and preferences. It consists of two separate and independent application programs: the Decision Matrix Method (DMM), and the Pairwise Comparison Method (PCM). The DMM application program is designed to be used primarily with tangible and easily quantifiable data. It will provide the user with an unbiased ranking of alternatives considered. The PCM application program on the other hand, is designed to deal specifically with subjective assessments and evaluations of alternatives and criteria. It requires the user to develop a hierarchical structure of the problem, and enables him to quantify the impact of each element in this hierarchy on the overall goal of the study.

2546 MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND PROCEDURE LISTS This is a set of ASCII Medical lists, a diagnoses list and a procedure lists that will be of interest to doctors and those writing medical software. Basically the lists represent the clinical terms and synonyms that are used in every day patient care by the provider who fills out a route sheet, encounter sheet, superbill, medical record face sheet, or clinical research data sheet. The intended purpose of these lists is for database dictionary lookup for medical software of any type.

2548 ASIC: Almost BASIC Programming Language Compiler. ASIC is a "BASIC" programming language compiler for IBM PC's and compatibles. It includes an integrated full screen editor, from which you can edit, compile, and execute your programs. ASIC is a subset of BASICA and GWBASIC which supports over 40 BASIC statements, integer and string variables, and integer arrays. It will compile your programs at high speed, and the code it generates is fast and compact. The syntax of each ASIC statement is generally a valid subset of the syntax used by BASICA and GWBASIC

2549 & 2550 the WINDOW PRO v1.2: Screen control routine library for "C". WINDOW PRO is one of the most comprehensive, compact, and easiest to use screen control libraries available for "C" language development of applications and systems software. WINDOW PRO lets you easily create programs that look and feel like Framework, Lotus, dBase III, and other top-sellers. Dialog boxes, context-sensitive help, pop-up and pull-down menus are a snap to implement. Your programs will be able to drag, zoom, split, hide, and scroll windows fast, flicker-free, and without snow. Sensing video cards, setting video modes, and cursor control are simple straight-forward operations.

2561 & 2562 A86 & D86 v3.22: Superb Assembly Language Assembler/Disassembler. A86 will make your applications SCREAM with speed. A86 allows you to easily code critical routines in assembly code. A86 is 4 times faster than IBM's MASM v5.1, much easier to use than any other assembler (does not need all the "red tape" required by other assemblers (e.g. SEGMENT PARA PUBLIC, PROC, ENDP etc): just feed it machine instructions and you're on your way. It compiles directly to .COM routines, supports multiple source files, very large programs, many language extensions, superb macro assembler features, excellent error messages and superb documentation. D86 is the associated disassembler and can be used to learn assembly language, investigate your machine, or develop & debug your own assembly programs.

2563 FILE-TYPE v1.19: Analyzes program files for origin and functions. FILETYPE is a comprehensive information extracting utility. It contains facilities for describing files or viewing, searching and tracing records in the files. FileType features include display general file info, origin trace, data type categorizing, comment a file, and the advanced function checks(display all tasks will be performed by the program). A must for all hackers and tinkerers! E.g. tells you that Turbo-Basic compiler was written in Turbo-C, or that LOTUS.COM was compiled using MASM + lots of other info.

2564 CompuSHOW v.8: Graphics Files viewing utility. This is the most popular viewer of graphics files supporting all graphic displays and the following file formats: RLE, MacPaint, PCC/PCX (PaintBrush), GIF, Dr Halo, PIC and RIX. Allows you to change colours etc.